Combination measuring device



March 15, 1932. A. c. WOOD 1,849,128

COMBINATION MEASURING DEVICE Filed July '7, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l (a 41g l 3dr ,LII 3b by g5 March 15, 1932. y v A, C, WQQD 1,849,128

\ COMBINATION MEASURING DEVICE Filed July '7, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented. Mar. 15., 1932`A .i

UNITED' *STATSL Aivnnnw'o. wooiioF oniciieofi'nniivois p j vcoiviiaiivnmioiv'-ivinnsimiivs; :o'iivicia .This invention relates to improvement-s in a combination measuring device, andmore particularly vto'` a device which may bejused4 for measuring or'laying` out angles, lineal di- Inthe past, many and varied devices have been evolved for performinga great number of functions regarding angular and linear measurements, but these formerly 4known devices have in mostinstances prov-en objectionable, in thatthey were either too large and unwieldly to be convenientlyfpacked in small places, or they necessitated adjust-V ments by means ofvthumb screws and other mechanical locking devices, which'are always objectionable due tothe time required by the same, and frequently they Awere of such construction and of necessity made of such features ofconstruction and combinationsof;r v

parts hereinafter described, and shown infa material that they were, moretha'nfdesirv ably, susceptible to injurygby contact with and necessitated the use ofsupplementaryor auxiliary parts and devices.

most cases, these formerly known devices slopes,

surrounding articles,

times was not apparent at rst blush but after thek damage was done.y Further, de-

vices of this type heretofore known, in most cases, were not operable with desirable facility, and Vnotv infrequently the results obtain-v,

able from them were too small yin number werek prohibitively' expensive, diie tol-their,

complicated structure, for univers,aljandncom-` The present inventionfhas beendesigned to overcome the above noted defects andobjections in the provision of aV measu ring deV angles, lines-lineal measurements, polygons,

desired accuracy.'v

packed in a container with other articles or which injury often Morea@ in,

etc., and which'may be used i'orlany.V or all of .its functions, easily andH rapidly,` without detracting to any extent from-the vice ofthe character described, which isifold-k n ableinto extremely compact form occupyingy very little space,4 and which maybeieasily wheresoeveridesired. Another .important object ofV the present invention is to` provide a device o f the charac- Y ter described, which. is constructed. in such amanner that it is enabled to withstand ine 1 Jury, especially that :injury resulting from contact with` otherfarticles.` I t Y A further ,object ofthe present invention istoprovide a'measuring devicefwhichper-V forms:aL-relativelylarge number of functions which are brought aboutby simpleand easy adjustments, the device nbeing readily usable 1y anfcndtionsf f c /f l While some of the more salient'features,

in practically any place and under practicalv l characteristics,- land advantages, of atdevice preferredform'in the drawings, as Inorepar-V t f ticularly indicated by the claims.

would materially effect the'result possibly Y Y 1 vFigure l is a perspective view of a device On Athe drawings:

embodying Vprinciples of the present inven-L tion, shown in foldedor., compact form.V 1

Figure 2 isl ay reduced indicating the operation o f the same.

embodying Y the presentVV invention haveV been Y,

r vview showing thei- Y device'of Figure'l, in extended vposition and I Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view.

of thelowerv left Vhandportionof Figure 2.'

, .Figure iis a viewfsiini'lar to Figurev 34 of.n thelower righthand portion of Figure 2'.

taken from the oppositev side *ofI thej device;VV l Y Figure is"anenlargedl fragmentary vie'wgf"v vice suitabley for measuringor determining of the l/OWH mghthand Portlon of Flgure '5 VFiguref) islan enlargedview similar to Figure 5 is a views-similar? to FigureQ,

YFigure 7 is'agview similar to Figure-6, of 'the lower lefthand'portion of Figure4 5'.

lFigure 8 is a fragmentary view, with parts omitted, ofthe left handportion o fFigure'tf j v to the smaller reading.

Figure 2, showing a modified form of the present invention.

As shown in the drawings:

The embodiment of the present invention,

selected merely as one means for adequately disclosing the saine, embodies a plurality of Vinto ver com act 'uXta oosed formation as shown more clearly in Figure l, and are made preferably of brass or bronze, but, of course, may be formed from any desirable material.

ln utilizing the present invention, the smaller sections 1 are preferably extended and pivoted so as to form three distinct arms, namely, a radius arm 4, a scale arm 5, and an arm 6 pivoted adjacent an endthereof to each of the radius and scale arms which, for the purpose of convenience, will be designated a span arm. ln most instances, the radius arm 4 incorporates two of the sections 1 and is provided on one side thereof with a locus line 7 which terminates in an index point 8 at the outer extremity of the arm and designated, in this instance, by an arrow head. The arm is also preferably labeled thereon' with the legend Radius arm. On its `opposite side the radius arm is provided with alinear scale 9 (Figure 8) preferably in inches and fractions thereof, a locus line 10, and a` pitch scale 11 incorporating various fractions 'designating pitches of sloping constructions, each such fraction being accompanied by linear indicia which denotes the `length of the sloping member or hypotenuse ofaright triangle formed as indicated in Figure 5, the radius arm being at 90 to the span arm, and the scale overlying the radius arm so that the locus line theron will correspond with any of the pitch indicia on the The span arm bears two legends on one side thereof, in the present instance, one legend being on each section of the span arm and also a linear scale 12 adjacent the outer margin of the arm. As shown more clearly in Figures 3 and 4, the legends on each section of the span arm preferably read as follows: The larger reading on the scale shows the angle :between the radius arm and thisarm when placed in the form of a triangle. The

` smaller reading on the scale shows the external angle between the 'scale and 90o to this arm,V-and-To find the obtuse angle be'- tween the'radiusarm and the scale add 900 To findV the acute Y. angle between the radius arm and the scale the opposite side thereof the span arm also bears a linear scale 1.3, in this instance, disposed adjacent the inner margin of the arm, and also bears two legends (Figures 6 and 7),

flllfhen using to lay out polygons, set the radius arm to the mark on the scale. Using the radius arm as the miter, the reading on the scale will show the length of the side per foot,and-Fractions shown on the radius arm indicate a rise per foot span. When using keep radius arm at right angles to this arm and then swing scale down over it to the desired pitch. The reading on the scale will showin inches the length of rafter per foot span. n

The scale arm 5 bears on` one side thereof (shown more clearly in Figures 2 and 3) a locus line 14 and a scale 15 .of indicia, 'pro portionally graduated, indicating various sizes of angles, there being a large and small angle designated atA each major cross line on the scale. On the saine side the scale arm also bears ak plurality of spaced 'points 16,

(Figure 9) which are labeled with namesof various polygons in accordance with their location on the scale. 0n the opposite side thereof the scale arin bears linear scalelT preferably in inches and fractions thereof, a j

locus line, and spaced points designated with the names of polygons.

In theruseof the present invention, the

device is extended to form the arms 4, 5, andV arms, to produce Hthe various results obtainable by the device. The arms are maintained at any position of adjustment by means of the frictional holders 3which are provided with .an additional transverse groove 3a, Figures 3 and 4, which, when in registration with the tongue 3b, will dis- V tinctly locate the vrespective arms at to each other. The radius arm and' span arm are preferably of equal length and, for theV sake of convenience, have been designated as a unit length or 12 inches. The scale arm is preferably of suliicient length to form the Y hypotenuse of a right angle triangle when tlie'radius'arm is 90 tothe span arm, as seen in Figure 2.

mie present invention 'is very easilyr operated with great accuracy. For instance, assuming thearm's to be in the position shown by the fullv lines in Figure 2, if it is desired Vto lay out any angle between the radius arm and span arm, the radius and scale arms are pivoted'until the indexpoint 8 corresponds with the number designating the desired angle Von the scale 15 onthe scale arm. The radius arm is then at an *angle to the vspan arm corresponding to the larger of the two adjacent numbers on thevscale arm. The

smaller of these numbers subtracted from 1 The feet long and itis desired to' know the length l'and the smaller number plus 90o ator. rlhe radius arm is set at 90 90 equals the interior angle adjacent the scale arm between the scale and radius arms,

gives the supplement of the aforesaid adjacent angle. rIhe smaller number also directly .gives the value in degrees 'of the complement to thev interior angle between the labeled with the name of the desired polygon.

W hen so arranged, the arms will define two radii and a chord of a circumscribing circle j around the polygon; the two radii being the miter and the chord beingL the lengthof one side of the polygon in inches per foot ruiter.Y

Assuming-now it is desired to find theV proper slope and determine the length of a rafte'r in a roof span, the opposite side thereof facing the operspan arm. The scale arm is then moved over the radius, arm until the locus line on the scale arm coincides with the desired pitchV fraction `on the radius arm. The linear reading on the span arm will be proportional to the length of the horizontal'beamgin a roof span. linear reading on the radius-arm will designate the rise in inches per foot lspan of the rafter corresponding to thescale arm. The scale arm reading adj acentl the pitch fraction on the radius arm will give the proportional lineal dimension of Vthe aforesaid rafter. Assuming, for instance, horizontal beam in` l@ the roof span is but 20' of the raft'er at a certain pitch' thereto. In

Y view of the fact that the span arm 1s marked" suitable scale is readily apparent, inch equals 1 foot, the horizontal as a lengt-hof in inches, a namely, 1/2 beam being taken, therefore, 10 inches on the span arm.

the desired pitch, the lineal dimension'on the scale arm, 1n proportion, of course, clearly coincides with a perpendicular from lthe ten inch marl; on the span arm. and will 1 of the character described including a scale designate the lengthV ofy the desired rafter.

Obviously, a reversal of thel above process j will determine values ofthe dilferentparts of sloping constructions already'made, and, applicable to the de? termination of valuesrelating to any sloping constructions includingV roof spans, stair?v of course, the device is ways, etc.

It is clearly also be used as a square, an ordinaryrule, minations, as will beapparent to one skilled apparent that the device may tri-square, bevel, as

in the art, the abovenoted lexamplesbeing the device is. used with whichV may to the that the .arm adjacent the oppositeV Whenthe scale, arm is adjusted to a position coinciding with j will denotethe value o and in many other deter-k operationV ofthe device herein.v ,Y InFigure 9, I haveillustrat d a slightly modified .fo-rm of the present inventiony wherein` allg-of the smaller sections 1 are joined onetothe other by vmeans lof offset Vhinges 2cL .the' lcentralline through friction thepivotfp'oint of they hinges coinciding with the inner edge of each ofthe arms.

that the index point 8a on 'the radiusarm ,4 is voffset tofcoincide-.with the inner corner of this armfand this ,corner is mad with the desired reading abutting the inner edge off-the scale V`arm-,whereby veryclear determinations may be made for highlyg'accuratework. 1 n'` y 'From thevforegoing it willbe .apparent that vI vhave. provided aeombination meas-y Y uring devicewhich may be voperatedjwith ,great Vfacility and accuracy, in such; aimanner l as to by Contact with the surrounding articles,

pact form and which cally manufactured.

I amawarek that many changes maybe Y made and numerous details of construction maybe varied through a wide range without from the principles of this .in-

d'epartino1 D do rnot purpose vention and I', therefore,

limiting the patent granted hereony otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention: v f j 1. As anarticle of manufacture, a device' of thec'haracter described including a span armvbearing linealv indicia thereon, a scale arm 'bearing lineal indicia and a locus line pivoted to said Vspan armi adjacent, an end thereof, a radius arm bearing lineal andl to said span Y pitch vindicia thereon pivoted end thereof, be positioned whereby said` radius arm may and said at right angles to said span. arm,

`scale arm respectively.

QQ'As an article of manufacture, a device arm bearing angulargraduations and in-V a radius arm bearing an index polnt, and-a third arm `having its opposite ends! dicia,

pivoted respectively to said scale and .radius arms at pointsv e to coincide which is formed to preclude injury there!l be Vfolded vinto exceedingly com-` may be very economiydeemed-suiicient to properly disclose the Thearms' i areidentical inevery respect to thoserpre# viously ,described herein with the exception 110.V scale arm moved so that said locus line isin lsaid Y adjacent an end of each in suchavmanner that, when` saidjindex point coincides withthe ,f lgraduationl on said scale armto form av triangle,1the indicia thereony f' the angle opposite the scale arm, and they angle` between a perpendicular to the scalearm and one of said other arms,

thislatter angle being the com-V plement of either' ofthe cent the scale arm.

3.` As an article of manufacture, a device of the character described including a scaleY arm bearing angular graduations and in dicia, a second arm pivoted to one end of said scale arm, and a radius arm pivoted to the other end of said second arm and having an index point spaced from its pivotal connection a distance corresponding to the' length of said second arm between pivot points, said scale arm and radius arm being adjustable in such a manner that When said index point coincides With a graduation on said scale arm to form a triangle, the indicia on said scale arm Will denote respectively' the value of `the angle opposite the scale arm, and the angle between the radius arm or second arm and a perpendicular to the scale arm.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name at Chicago, Cook County,

Iliinois.

- ANDREW c. Woon,

interior angles adj a: 

